Introduction

In order to safely fly any aircraft, a pilot must understand
how to interpret and operate the flight instruments. The
pilot also needs to be able to recognize associated errors
and malfunctions of these instruments. This chapter
addresses the pitot-static system and associated
instruments, the vacuum system and related instruments,
gyroscopic instruments, and the magnetic compass. When
a pilot understands how each instrument works and
recognizes when an instrument is malfunctioning, he or
she can safely utilize the instruments to their fullest
potential.