Introduction

Several factors affect aircraft performance including the
atmosphere, aerodynamics, and aircraft icing. Pilots need an
understanding of these factors for a sound basis for prediction
of aircraft response to control inputs, especially with regard
to instrument approaches, while holding, and when operating
at reduced airspeed in instrument meteorological conditions
(IMC). Although these factors are important to the pilot flying
visual flight rules (VFR), they must be even more thoroughly
understood by the pilot operating under instrument flight
rules (IFR), Instrument pilots rely strictly on instrument
indications to precisely control the aircraft, there fore, they
must have a solid understanding of basic aerodynamic
principles in order to make accurate judgments regarding
aircraft control inputs.