Preface 0-3

Acknowledgements 0-5

Introduction 0-6
Is an Instrument Rating Necessary? 0-6
Instrument Rating Requirements 0-6
Training for the Instrument Rating 0-6
Maintaining the Instrument Rating 0-7

Table of Contents 0-8

Chapter 1
Human Factors 1-1
Introduction 1-1
Sensory Systems for Orientation 1-2
Eyes 1-2
Vision Under Dim and Bright Illumination 1-3
Ears 1-4
Nerves 1-5
Illusions Leading to Spatial Disorientation 1-5
Vestibular Illusions 1-5
The Leans 1-5
Coriolis Illusion 1-6
Graveyard Spiral 1-6
Somatogravic Illusion 1-6
Inversion Illusion 1—6
Elevator Illusion 1-6
Visual Illusions l7
False Horizon 1-7
Autokinesis 1-7
Postural Considerations 1-7
Demonstration of Spatial Disorientation 1-7
Climbing While Accelerating 1-8
Climbing While Turning 1-8
Diving While Turning 1-8
Tilling to Right or Left 1 -8
Reversal of Motion 1-8
Diving or Rolling Beyond the Vertical Plane 1-8
Coping with Spatial Disorientation 1-8
Optical Illusions 1-9
Runway Width illusion 1 -9

Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion 1-9
Featureless Terrain Illusion 1-9
Water Refraction 1-9
Haze 1-9
Fog 19
Ground Lighting illusions 1-9
How To Prevent Landing Errors Due To Optical
illusions 1-9
Physiological and Psychological Factors 1-11
Stress 1-li
Medical Factors 1-12
Alcohol 1-12
Fatigue l-12
Acute Fatigue 1-12
Chronic Fatigue 1- 13
IMSAFE Checklist 1-13
Hazard identification 1-13
Situation I 1-13
Situation 2 l-l3
Risk Analysis 1-13
Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot
Resource Management (SRM) 1-14
Situational Awareness 1-14
Plight Deck Resource Management 1-14
Human Resources 1-14
Equipment 1-14
Information Workload 1-14
Task Management 1-15
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) 1-15
The Decision-Making Process 1-16
Defining the Problem 1-16
Choosing a Course of Action 1-16
Implementing the Decision and Evaluating
the Outcome 1-16
Improper Decision-Making Outcomes 1-16
Models for Practicing ADM 1-17
Perceive, Process, Perform 1 -17
The DECIDE Model 1-17
Hazardous Attitudes and Antidotes 1-18