Timed Turns 5-53
Compass Turns .5-53
Steep Turns 5-53
Unusual Attitude Recovery Protection 5-55
Common Errors Leading to Unusual Attitudes 5-58
Instrument Takeoff 5-60
Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs 5-61
Basic Instrument Flight Patterns 5-61
Chapter 6
Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying 6-1
Introduction 6-I
Flight Instruments 6-2
Instrument Flight 6-2
Instrument Cross-Check 6-2
Instrument Interpretation 6—3
Aircraft Control 6-3
Straight-and-Level Flight 6-3
Pitch Control 6-3
Attitude Indicator 6-3
Altimeter 6-4
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) 6-5
Airspeed Indicator 6-5
Bank Control 6-5
Attitude Indicator 6-5
Beading Indicator 6-6
Turn Indicator 6-7
Common Errors During Straight-and-Level Flight.... 6-7
Power Control During Straight-and-Level Flight 6-7
Common Errors During Airspeed Changes 6-10
Straight Climbs (Constant Airspeed and
Constant Rate) 6-10
Entry 6-10
Level Off 6-12
Straight Descents (Constant Airspeed and
Constant Rate) 6- 12
Entry 6-12
Level Off 6-.13
Common Errors During Straight Climbs and
Descents 6-13
Turns 6-13
Turn to a Predetermined Heading 6- 13
Timed Turns 6-i 3
Change of Airspeed in Turns 6-14
Compass Turns 6-1.5
30° Bank Turn 6-15
Climbing and Descending Turns 6-15
Common Errors During Turns 6-15
Unusual Attitudes 6-16
Common Errors During Unusual Attitude
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Recoveries 6-16
Emergencies 6- 16
Autorotations 6-17
Common Errors During Autorotations 6-17
Servo Failure 6-17
instrument Takeoff 6-17
Common Errors During Instrument Takeoffs 6-18
Changing Technology 6-18
Chapter 7
Navigation Systems 7-1
Introduction 71
Basic Radio Principles 7-2
How Radio Waves Propagate 7-2
Ground Wave 7-2
Sky Wave 7-2
Space Wave 7-2
Disturbances to Radio Wave Reception 7-3
Traditional Navigation Systems 7-3
Nondirectional Radio Beacon (N.DB) 7-3
NDB Components 7-3
ADF Components 7-3
Function of ADF 7-4
Operational Errors of ADF 7-8
Very High Frequency Omnidirectional
Range (VO.R) 7-8
VOR Components 7-10
Function of VOR 7-12
VOR Operational Errors 7-14
VOR Accuracy 7-16
VOR Receiver Accuracy Check 7-16
VOR Test Facility (VOT) 7-16
Certified Checkpoints 7- 16
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) 7-16
DME Components 7-17
Function of OME 7-17
DME Arc 7-17
Intercepting Lead Radials 7-19
DME Errors 7-19
Area Navigation (RNAV) 7-19
VORJDME RNAV 7-23
VOR/DME RNAV Components 7-23
Function of VORJDME RNAV 7-23
VOR/DME RNAV Errors 7-24
Long Range Navigation (LORAN) 7-24
LORAN Components 7-25
Function of LORAN 7-26
LORAN Errors 7-26
Advanced Technologies 7-26
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) 7-26
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