In attitude flying, airplane control is composed of four
components: pitch control, bank control, power control,
and trim.

• Pitch control is the control of the airplane about
the lateral axis by using the elevator to raise and
lower the nose in relation to the natural horizon.
• Bank control is control of the airplane about the longitudinal
axis by use of the ailerons to attain a desired
bank angle in relation to the natural horizon
.• Power control is used when the flight situation
indicates a need for a change in thrust.
• Trim is used to relieve all possible control pressures
held after a desired attitude has been
attained.

The primary rule of attitude flying is:
ATTITUDE + POWER = PERFORMANCE

INTEGRATED FLIGHT INSTRUCTION
When introducing basic flight maneuvers to a beginning
pilot, it is recommended that the "Integrated" or
"Composite" method of flight instruction be used. This
means the use of outside references and flight instruments
to establish and maintain desired flight attitudes
and airplane performance. [Figure 3-2] When beginning
pilots use this technique, they achieve a more precise
and competent overall piloting ability. Although this
method of airplane control may become second nature
with experience, the beginning pilot must make a determined
effort to master the technique. The basic elements
of which are as follows.

• The airplane's attitude is established and maintained
by positioning the airplane in relation to the
natural horizon. At least 90 percent of the pilot's
attention should be devoted to this end, along with
scanning for other airplanes. If, during a recheck of
the pitch and/or bank, either or both are found to be
other than desired, an immediate correction is made
to return the airplane to the proper attitude.
Continuous checks and immediate corrections will
allow little chance for the airplane to deviate from
the desired heading, altitude, and flightpath.

Figure 3-2. Integrated or composite method of flight instruction.